Electric toaster



Aug. "7, 1951 o. B. SUTTON ETAL ELECTRIC TOASTER 5 Sheets-sh 1 Filed N 4, 194,?

' INVENTORS Sation & BY Curtis C'- Coons Fly. 1

ATTORNEY.

0. B. SUTTONv ETAL Aug. 7, 1951 ELECTRIC TOASTER Filed Nov 4, 194'! 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTORS Otz's B. Sutton G Curtis 6. Coo/w ATTORNEY.

1951 O. B. SUTTON ET AL 2,563,755

ELECTRIC TOASTER Filed Nov. 4, 1947 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 I INVENTOHS Oil: 1?. Sutton &

F 5 Curtis 6. Coonspay'wm ATTORNEY.

Aug. 7, 1951 QB. SUTTON ETAL ELECTRIC TOASTER 6 Sheets-Shet 4 Filed NOV. 4, 1947 INVENTORS 1 Otis 5. Sutton 8 ()urtiq C. Coons ATTOHNE Y.

Fly. 6

Aug. 7, 1951 o. s. SUTTON ET AL ELECTRIC TOASTER a Sheets- Sheet 5 Filed NOV. 4, 1947 INVENTORS Otis B. Sutton Br Curtis C. Coons BY v .5, ZZAzaA/VL.

i; ATTORNEY.

Aug. 7, 1951 o. B. SUTTON ET AL 2,563,755

ELECTRIC TOASTER Filed Nov. 4, 1947 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 :2; 24 fi 140 ii Z223 I I I I i I TEMPERATURE ROOM TEMPERATURE TIME INVENTORS y 10 0m B.Satt01z &

Curtis 0. Coons I BY " ATTORNEY.

Patented Aug. 7, 1951 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ELECTRIC TOAS'IER of Ohio Application November 4, 1947; Serial No. 783,876

25 Claims. 1

This invention relates to electric toasters and more particularly to a thermal timer therefor for timing the duration of the toasting intervals.

It has been proposed to time the duration of an electric toaster by a thermal timer in which the toasting interval is determined by the time it takes for a thermally responsive element to heat up and move from its cold position to its hot position. Such timers have the disadvantage that it is necessary to wait for the timer to cool before a second toasting operation can be begun or to provide some special means for quickly cooling the thermally responsive element after a previous toasting operation.

It has also been proposed to time the toasting interval by the time it takes a thermally responsive element to move from its hot position to its cold position upon being cooled. Such timers have the inherent disadvantage that for each toasting operation it is necessary to heat the thermally responsive element to a predetermined high temperature before a succeeding toasting operation can be begun.

According to this invention the first toasting interval is timed by the time it takes a thermally responsive element to move from its cold position to its hot position, then from its hot position to its cold position and from its cold position back to its hot position. For succeeding toasting operations the toasting interval is timed by the time it takes for a thermally responsive element to move from its hot position to its cold position upon cooling and to return to its hot position upon being reheated. This eliminates all waiting by the operator. Furthermore, according to this invention, it is possible to heat the thermally responsive element to its hot position before beginning a toasting operation. In such case, all toasting intervals will be timed by the time it takes a thermally responsive element to cool and move to its cold position and to heat up again upon being reheated and move to its hot position. However, the mechanism is so constructed that in either mode of operation the time interval for the first toasting operation will be substantially the same; In the mode of operation in which the thermally responsive element is not preheated the timing mechanism will automatically go into proper operation after the first toasting operation so as to time succeeding toasting intervals by the cool-off, heat-up method without any further attention from the operator.

Furthermore, since the greatest portion of the toasting interval is determined by the time it takes for the thermally responsive element to cool off, the first toasting interval will be substantially the same whether the thermally responsive element is previously heated to its hot position or the toasting operation is begun when the thermally responsive element is in its cold position.

According to another feature of this invention the thermally responsive element is automattcaliy maintained in its hot position ready for another toasting operation even though the second toasting operation does not immediately follow a previous one.

Thermal timers which operate on the heat-up principle of operation have an inherent tendency to over-compensate. That is, as the toaster as a whole heats up with rapid repeated use, the thermally responsive element also heats up but at a faster rate. Thus, if the timer is properly set for the first toasting operation, it will shorten the succeeding toasting intervals to such. an extent that the toast will be underdone unless some means is provided for preventing it.

Conversely, thermal timers which operate on the cool-off principle of operation are inherently under-compensated. That is, as the toaster as a whole heats up the bread will be toasted faster and it is necessary to shorten the timing intervals as the toaster heats up. However, the thermal timer also heats up and is hotter at the start of a toasting interval after the first so that it will take longer for the thermal timer to cool off 7 and the timing interval will be lengthened rather than shortened as is necessary.

According to this invention all timing intervals, after the first, operate on the cool-off, heat-up principle of operation. The tendency of such a timer is therefore to balance the over-compensating tendency of the heat-up timer against the under-compensating tendency of the cool-off timer. However, the heating up period forms the smaller portion of the entire toast timing interval and the cooling-off period the larger. The timer therefore has an overall tendency to undercompensate and it is necessary to provide some means for decreasing the duration of succeeding toasting intervals with rises in toaster temperature.

According to another feature of this invention, 7

an auxiliary thermally responsive element is provided which acts upon the main thermal timer in such a manner that the upper temperature limit to which the thermal timer is heated is progressively decreased with rises in toaster temperature so that the cooling off period is reduced sufficiently to take care of the added residual heat in the thermal timer to shorten the timing intervals with rises in toaster temperature.

According to another feature of this invention, a manual adjustment is provided for adjusting the duration of the toasting interval for making light, medium or dark toast according to the desires of the user.

More specifically, according to thisinvention, the upper temperature limit of the thermally responsive element is varied to vary the cooling oil period of the thermally responsive element and thus vary the timing interval.

Other objects and advantages of this invention will become apparent as the description proceeds when taken in connection with the accom panying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a toaster with the parts broken away to show the details of one modification of the timer according to this invention;

Figure 2 shows a vertical cross-sectional view of the toaster and timer of Figure 1;

Figure 3 shows a view of the toaster and timer Ill ofFigure 1 looking downwardly, with the walls of the toaster broken away to show the details of the timer;

Figure 4 is a diagrammatic view of the timer of Figure 1 showing the position of the various parts with the thermally responsive element cold and the bread-carriers in downward or toasting position;

Figure 5 is a wiring diagram showing the parts in the position they occupy when the thermal element is cold and the bread carriers in downward position;

Figure 6 isa'perspective view of a toaster with the parts broken away to show the details of a second modification of the timer according to this invention;

Figure 7 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the toaster and-timer of Figure 6 Figure 8'is a-dlagrammatic view of the timer of Figure 6 with the thermally responsive element in cold'position and the bread carriers r latched down;

Figure 9 is a wiring diagram showing the parts in the position they'accupy in Figure '8; and

Figure 10 is-a time-temperature chart showing mechanism of the toaster and timer of this invention. A dividing plate [4 extends upwardly from the supporting plate [3 and divides the interior of toaster into a toasting chamber and a mechanism compartment.

Mounted upon the supporting plate 13 are a pair of guide rods l5; which form guides for a vertically reciprocating carriage plate [6 in a manner well known in the art. The guiderods l5 extend vertically'in front of the dividing plate l4 and are attached at their upper end to the plate l4 by abracket l1.

7 Struck rearwardly from the carriage plate IE and extending through vertically extending slots l8.in the dividing plate [4 are a pair of arms 19 to'which are attached bread carriers 20. The bread carriers 20 are positioned between spaced 4 heating elements 2| which provide the heat for performing the toasting function.

Extending outwardly and rearwardly from the carriage plate it are a pair of arms 22. A pair of links 23 are pivoted at their lower ends to the rearwardly extending portions of the arms 22, and at their upper end are pivoted to a pair of arms 24, which in turn are pivoted at their rear end to the walls of the oven chamber in a manner well known in the art. Vertically extending slots 25 are provided in the dividing plate [4 to permit vertical movement of the forward ends of the arms24.- At'the'ir forward end the arms 24 are extended'forwardly at 26 through a vertically extending slot 2'11 in the appearance housing ll. Attached to the forwardly extending portion 26 of the arms. ;is a.manipulating handle 28 by which the bread carriers 20 and the carriage plate l6 are moved to toasting position. The bread carriers 29 and the carriage plate It are biased to 1 bread 11 receivingpositiorr: bya= spring: 29, anchoredat its upper -end to :the bracket I! by: a hook- 3fl -and at its lower end to: the: arms? by anysu-i-table anchoringmeansdnot. shown) Extending upwardly from the supportingrplatez l3 isa-bracket 3|,- having:adorwardlyextending; lug32; whicltsupports one end'of. a: bimetallic", thermally responsive element 33twhich' constitutesthe thermal timer; Pivotal ly mounted on a':lug;34'-:3 extending upwardly from the brackett 3 l '2 is :an on-off switch 35 which is normallycldsed rand;- is '1 opened by operation of. theoperatingplunger 36.- Tlie switch 3 5Lis adapted dao bearnoved .towardgand away from the bimetal timer 33obyt-rmeans :of :a :1 link 31rigidly rattached:torthe switch; 35 :at' one end and: to a1 Ui-shaped icompensating,bimetal: 89 at its other end. The compensatinggbimetalBB is rigidly attachedcto an::1eccentrio::38"which -en-- circles acam 39 rigidlyzattachedto:ashaft-Ml ex.-,-

- tending through a protuberance 4| at the front of the base l0; Apmampulating knob 42 is also rigidly attached .to ashaft 40- so that rotation of the knob 42 will move theswitch 35 bodily toward and away from the bimetal timer 33 for a purpose to be describedihereinaftenx Mounted on base-plate l3 is an'on-off-switch 43 which-is normally' open and may be closed by depression of the plunger 44 by a lug 44 struck forwardly from one of thearms 22. This switch 43 opens and closes thecircuit to the heaters :2! as will be explained hereinafter.

Mounted on a forwardly extending lug 450i bracket 31 above the-"bimetal 33is a switch 46. The switch 46is adapted to be opened and closed by a lever arm 41in such manner that when the lever arm'4'! is in' its upward position the switch 46 is closed and when it isvin itslower'position the switch 46 will bev open.

Also mounted on supporting plate l3 -is.a U- shaped bracket 48.- Pivotally mounted between. the arms of the U-shapedbracket 48 as at 49 are a pair of toggle arms Bil-and 5| and a latch release lever 80. Pivotally mountedon the end of the latch release lever 80 is apawl 81 for a purpose to be hereinafter describedzi As shown in Figures 2'and 4 the tail end'lil'of latcnreleaselever, 8B is bent downwardly from the body of the lever fora purpose which will be described hereinatferz. Toggle arms 50 and 51 are adapted to be snapped from an upper over-center position to aIOWBI. over-center position and vice'-- versa by "toggle-"1 springs 52and 53 respectively which are anchored at one end to struckout lugsion the toggle arms and at their other ends to struck outlugs 0n the bracket'48. Togglarm 50"hasra"struck outlug 54 overlying a struck out lug 55 on toggle arm 5| for a purpose to be hereinafter described. Both of the lugs 54 and 55 overlie the latch release lever 80 so that latch release lever 80 will be moved counter-clockwise when either or both of the toggle arms 50 and 5| are in their downward overcenter position.

Near the free end of the toggle arm 56 is a pivoted link 56 pivoted at its upper end to the operating arm 41 of the switch 46. The toggle arm 56 has a pair of legs 51 and 58 straddling the free end of the bimetal timer 33. The toggle lever 5| has a lug 59 underlying the free end of the bimetal timer 33. Extending forwardly from the carriage plate I6 is a lug 60 (Fig. 2) which underlies the toggle arms 50 and 5| for a purpose to be hereinafter described. Struck forwardly from bracket 3| is a lug 19 which forms a stop for toggle arms 56 and 5| when in their downward over-center position.

Pivoted to the bracket 48 at 6| is a latch arm 62 which is spring-biased to latching position by a sprin 63 secured at its lower end to the free end of a lug 64. A lug 85 on the tail end of latch lever 62 cooperates with the end 18 of latch release lever 86 as will be explained. Latch lever 62 has a hook 55 which overlies one of the arms 24 to hold the bread carriers 2|] in toasting position when they are moved downwardly to that position. Above the hook 65, the latch arm 62 is provided with a cam 66 to bias the arm 62 clockwise when the arms 24 are moved downwardly.

An auxiliary heater 61 surrounds the bimetal timer 33 and is adapted to be energized and deenergized in a manner to be explained hereinafter for timing the duration of the toasting interval.

Operation of Figures 1 to 5 One mode of operation is to insert bread through the openings in the appearance housing so as to rest on carriers 20 and move the actuating knob 28.downwardly to move carriers 20 to toasting position and to then close the manual switch 68 (Fig. 5).

However, assume that the operator closes the manual switch 68 sometime prior to the time he desires toast. Referring to Figure 5 the main heaters 2| will remain deenergized because the switch 43 will be open. The auxiliary heater 61 will be energized from line wire 69 by conductor 10, closed switch 68, conductor 1|, closed switch 46, conductor 12, closed switch 35, auxiliary heater 61, conductor 13 and conductor 14 to the line wire 15.

The bimetal timer 33 is so made that it moves downwardly when heated, that is, the upper layer has the higher coefficient of expansion. Energization of the auxiliary heater 61 will cause the bimetal timer 33 to move downwardly and engage the leg 58 of toggle arm 58 and the lug 59 of toggle arm 5|. This will cause the toggle arms 56 and 5| to move downwardly slightly against the bias of springs 52 and 53 until the toggle arms 56 and 5| engage the lug 66 extending forwardly from the carriage plate l6. This position of lug 60 is shown in Figure 2. The bias of the spring 29 will prevent further downward movement of the free end of the bimetal timer 33 because its free end is in engagement with the lugs 58 and 59 of toggle arms 50 and 5| which are in engagement with the lug 60 on carriage plate |6. If desired a positive latch may be provided to prevent downward movement of carriage plate |6. The bimetal 33 will then bow upwardly centrally so that its central portion will engage the plunger 36 of off-on switch so as to deenergize auxiliary heater 61 and permit the bimetal timer to cool slightly. As long as the carriage plate l6 remains in upward position the central portion of bimetal 33 will oscillate back and forth so as to operate intermittently oif-on switch 35 to energize and deenergize auxiliary heater and thus maintain the bimetal timer 33 in a hot condition.

The operator will then insert bread through the openings in the appearance housing so as to res-t on the bread carriers 26. The manipulating handle 28 will then be grasped and moved downwardly to move carriers 26 and carriage plate |6 to toasting position. This will remove the restraining force of lug from the toggle arms 56 and 5|. Thebimetal 33 being in its hottest position will immediately snap the toggle.

arms 56 and 5| to their lowermost position. The lugs 54 and 55 will move the latch release lever 80 to the position shown in Figure l, with tall 18 of lever 83 underlying lug 85 of latch release lever 52. As will appear hereinafter the pawl 8| always is above the free end of bimetal 33 at the start of a toasting operation and it will remain above it as it moves clockwise by the lugs 54 and 55.

Movement of toggle arm 5| downwardly will cause the switch 56 to be opened by the linkage and, 41 to completely deenergize auxiliary heater 6'! and permit bimetal 33 to cool and to move upwardly to its cold position. The arm 24 will engage cam 66 of latch lever 52 to move it clockwise until the hook overlies the arm 24 so as to latch the carriers 20 and carriage plate l6 in toasting position.

At the same time the lug M will depress plunger 44 of oil-on switch 43 to close the switch 43 so as to energize the main heaters 2| as follows; line wire 69, conductor 10, closed switch 68, conductor 16, closed switch 43, heaters 2| and conductor 14 to line wire 15.

The toasting operation will then proceed as the bimetal 33 cools and moves upwardly again to its cold poition. During this movement the free end of bimetal 33 will engage leg 51 of toggle arm 50 until the toggle arm 50 moves past its dead center position while the toggle arm 5| remains in the position shown in Figure 4. During this movement the free end of bimetal 33 moves above the pawl 8| on the latch release lever because the pawl BI is pivoted to move upwardly freely. Movement of the toggle arm 5|] to its upward position will cause the switch 46 to be closed by the linkage 56 and 41 while the switch 35 will also be closed because the bimetal 33 previously disengaged the plunger 36. This will reenergize the auxiliary heater 61 while the main heaters 2| remain energized because the switch 43 is closed by lug 44.

The heater 61 will then reheat the bimetal timer 33 and cause it to move downwardly again to its hot position. During this movement the free end of the bimetal 33 will contact the pawl 8| and pivot the latch release arm 80 counterclockwise which in turn will move the latch arm 62 clockwise so as to remove the hook 65 from above the arm 24 whereby the bread carriers 26 and the carriage plate I 6 will move upwardly under the bias of the spring 29. The arrangement of the free end of the bimetal 33 and the pawl 8| is such that the free end of the bimetal 33 will move past the end of the pawl 8| just as the hook 65 is moved from above the arm 24 so that the pawl 8| will again be positioned above the free end of the bimetal 33.

Movement of .the carriage plate I6 to upward positioniwill also move the lug 6E3 upwardly to the dotted lineposition of Figure 2 so as to pivot the toggle arms Siland 5| clockwise causing the lugs 58 and .59 to engage the free end of the bimetal 33 and move it upwardly even though the bimetal 33 is hot at this time. The latch lever 83 will be carried along witharms 5B and EI by the bimetal 33 so that the pawl 8| will remain above thefree end of bimetal 33. This will also permit the on-oif switch l3'to open and deenergize the main;heaters 2|.

During the foregoing toasting operation the operatorlcan secure dark, medium or light toast as desired. If dark toast is desired the knob 32 is rotated counter-clockwise until the pointer 'Il points'to the letter D on the protuberance ll of the base ID. This will rotate the cam 39 in the eccentric 38 and cause the eccentric to move upwardly. Movement of the accentric 38 upwardlyalso move the link 37 and switch 35 upwardly away from the central portion of the bimetal 33. Since the switch 35 is an on-off switch which maintains the upper temperature limit of bimetal 33, movement of the switch 35 away from the bi metal 33 will raise the upper temperature limit of the bimetal 33.

Referring to Figure 10 the wavy line 82 represents the heating and cooling of the bimetal 33 before a'toasting operation isbegun, a line 83 the cooling off period of bimetal 33; and the line the reheating period of bimetal 33.

As can be seen the major portion of the toastinginterval is determined by the cooling ofi period of bimetal 33 represented by the line 83. Therefore, if the upper temperature limit of bimetal 33, represented by wavy line 32 is raised by movement of the switch away from the bimetal 33; the entire. toasting interval will be lengthened which will result in dark toast.

If medium or light toast is desired the knob 43 is rotatedclockwise to positionllvlor L which will move; the switch 35: toward bimetal 33 so as to lower the upper:temperaturelimit representediby wavy line82 and corresponding the length of the coolingoif period of bimetal 33-represented by linelfili so as to shorten the entire .toastinglinter-e val. This will result in. medium. or light toast as the case maybe If now a second toasting operation is immedi? ately :begunbread is'inserted as 4beforeand the manually operable handle =28 m'oved downwardly as before. The operation will be the same asbefore except for'the operationof the compensating'bimetal 89. The toaster as-a wholewill-containconsiderable residualheat-as willithe thermal timer 33. Theresidual heat'of the toaster will be transmitted to thecompensatingbimetal 33 which will cause it to move downwardly and move the link 3'I,-' and correspondingly the-switch 35 downwardly so that switch 35 will be positioned closer tothe central portion of the-bimetal 33.- That will lower the upper temperature limit of the bimetal timer 33 as represented by the wavy lineBZa-of Figure lo-so-that thebimetal timer 33 will not have to'cool as-much as forthe initial operation. This will-just compensate for -there" sid-ual heat of the toaster andtimer33- so as tofi overcome the tendency of the-bimetal timer-33 to under-compensate and 'shorten the secondtoast ing interval over that of the first as indicated-by the lines 83a and ii iaof Figure 10.

Again referring to Figure l0' the'action-of the= bimetal timer 33 'compensated -by the1- compen sating bimetal 34 is represented The wavy lines-- 82a; .8217; and: .820 representing: the :operation. of the'ibimetal 33 between toastingoperationspthe lines -=83a',:.83b, and 83c the coolingjsoff Iperiodzforr the second, thirdand fourth .cycles an'dithe lines; 84a; 34b,- and 840 the: heating"uptperiod for'thesecond, .thirdxand: fourth cycles;

As previously pointed out the toastervmayibe operated by inserting bread and moving thecarbegin to cool. However; the timer 33 will not con tain as much residual heat as when'maintained" .at its high temperature limit.

will not reach its normal high temperature limit because bimetal 33 is not restrained from move-:--

ment until it reaches that limit.

Asa result, a first toasting interval will be timed'by the time it takes-bimetal 33 to heat up,

to cool off, and to heat up again. That actionis represented by thedotted lines 88, 86, and 81 of Figure'lO. The two heating up periodsBB and.

81 are compensated by the shorter cooling off period 86 50 that the toasting interval for the first cycle is the same whether or not the'switchiifi is operated to bring. the bimetal 33 up "to temperature before the first toasting operation isbegun.

Referring now to Figures (Ste 9, inc1usive,.the-= parts have'been given the same reference char acters as in Figures ii to 5 where the parts are the same. The description will not be repeated where these parts are the same. Onlyithe modifled construction will be'described.

Mounted on supporting plate i3 is an upstande ing bracket I33 which supports the timer.

bimetal timer I33 adapted to be heated'by an auxiliary heater 33.. Mounted on the bracket I90 above bimetal Hi2 is a normally closed off-on switch I93 adapted to be opened byspring, I05 which holds theoperating plunger I05 inwardly to-open the switch. Pivoted to the opposite end of the-bracket iflil is a bracket I37 whichcarriesa compensating bimetal 153 to the outer end of which is attached two spring arms 409 and III! which normally hold the contacts HI and H2 closed, The bracket I3! is connected by a link; .II3:to-the eccentric 33 wherebyrotation' of the knob iz will pivot the bracket about its pivot point for a purpose-to be hereinafter described:

Mounted on the base of the bracket I00 are a" pair of'switches'iifi and H3. The switch II4 depression of its operating plunger H3.

Pivotally mounted at I58 on..the upstanding: portion of bracket Iiie'i. are a pair of toggle arms? IIQ and I lfifi 'adaptedto be snapped to opposite over-center 1 positions against suitable stops I 2 I,

I23, I23, and- E23 by a toggle spring I25.

The toggle arm i I3 has a pair of-projections lit and I2? which cooperate with thelfreeend of the bimetal I32 in -a manner hereinafter tobe described. The toggle arm I20 has outwardly projecting-lugs iZEand- IZQ'. The lug I28 co"= operates-with the-plunger- I I3 ofswitch I I4 while Additionally it A forward .projectinglug Iiiisupportsone end of the lug I29 cooperates with latch arms I30 and I3I in a manner to be hereinafter described.

The latch arm I30 is pivoted at I32 to bracket I and is spring-biased clockwise against a suitable stop. The latch arm I3I is pivoted to the bracket I00 at I33 and is spring-biased counterclockwise against a suitable stop. The latch arm I30 has a hook I34 and a cam I35 which cooperate with a log I36 extending forwardly from carrier plate It in a manner which will be later described. The latch arm I3I has a hook I31 and a cam I38 which also cooperate with the lug I36 in a manner to be later described. The latch arm I3I also has a cam I42 which cooperates with the projection I36 for a purpose to be described hereinafter. Pivoted to the tail end of the latch lever I30 is a pawl I39 which is free to pivot upwardly but is rigid in a downward direction.

Attached to the right hand arm 24 is a projection I40 which depresses plunger III to close switch I I when the carriers are moved to downward position. Attached to the other arm 24 is a projection I 4| which cooperates with the spring I05 to open the switch I04 when the carriers are moved. to downward position.

Referring to Figure 9, line wire 60 is connected to switch 60 by a conductor I0. The switch 68 is connected by conductors I50, I5I, and I52 to one side of switches I04, I I5 and I I4 respectively. The other side of switch H5 is connected to one side of heaters 2I the other side of which is connected to line wire "I5 by conductor I53. The other side of switches I04 and II 4 are connected by conductors I54 and I55 to contact III. Contact I I2 is connected to one side of the auxiliary heater I03, the other side of which is connected to line wire I5 by conductors I56 and I53.

Operation of Figures 6 to 9 inclusive It is also possible to operate this modification in two ways for the first toasting cycle.

The switch 68 may be manually closed slightly before toast is desired. This will energize the auxiliary heater I03 from line wire 69, conductor I0, switch 60, conductor I50, closed switch I04, conductor I55, contacts I II and I I2, auxiliary heater I03, conductor I56, and conductor I53 to line wire 15.

This will cause the bimetal timer I02 to be heated so as to move upwardly from the position shown in Figures 6, 8, and 9 to the position shown in Figure 7. The free end of the bimetal I02 will engage the lug I26 of toggle arm H9 and move it upwardly until it moves past dead center position when both toggle arms II 9 and I20 will be snapped upwardly by toggle spring I25 to the upper over-center position against the stops IZI and I22. This will permit switch II4 to open. The free end of bimetal I02 will clear the lug I26 as shown in Figure 7 and it will continue to move upwardly until it contacts the end of the spring I00 so as to separate contacts III and II 2. This will deenergize the auxiliary heater I03 and permit the bimetal I 02 to cool slightly until contacts I I I and I I2 reengage to reenerigize the auxiliary heater I03. The thermostatic timer I02 will then oscillate back and forth as long as carriage plate I6 remains in upward position to maintain the bimetal I02 at its upper limit temperature.

Bread is then inserted through the openings in the appearance housing II so as to rest on the carriers 20. The manipulating handle 28 is then grasped and moved downwardly so as to move the carriers 20, carriage plate I6 and arms 24 downwardly to toasting position. The extension I40 will contact plunger Ill to close the switch H5 and close the circuit from line wire 69, conductor I0, closed switch 68, conductor I5I, closed switch I I 5, heaters 2 I, and conductor I53 to the line wire I5. At the same time the extension I4I will engage the spring I05 to open the switch I04 and deenergize the auxiliary heater I03.

Movement of the carriage plate I6 downwardly will cause extension I36 to engage the cam surfaces I35 and I33 of latch levers I30 and I3I to move them apart against their biasing springs until it engages beneath the hook I34 of latch lever I30 to hold the carriers 20 in toasting position against the bias of spring 29. It is to be noted that hook I34 of latch lever I30 is below hook I31 of latch lever I3I so that latch lever I30 will hold the carriers down when they are first moved to that position.

The bimetal I02 will then cool and move towards its lowermost cold position. Its free end will engage the lug I21 of toggle arm H9 and move that arm toward its lower position. Eventually the toggle arm I I9 will move past its dead center position so that toggle spring I25 will quickly move both toggle arms I I 9 and I20 downwardly to their lower over-center position against the stops I23 and I24. The lug I29 of toggle arm I 20 will. engage the pawl I 30 on the end of latch arm I30 and move the latch arm counter-clockwise until its hook I34 releases the extension I36. This will permit the carriage plate I6 and carriers 20 to move upward slightly until the hook I31 of latch arm I3I engages the extension I30 to arrest upward movement of the-carriage plate I6. In moving upwardly to engage hook I31 the extension I36 rides over the cam I42 of lever Hi to move it clockwise slightly so thatits end I43 will be raised upwardly into a position to be engaged by the lug I28 of toggle arm I 20 when the toggle arm I20 moves upwardly again as will be described presently.

Movement of the toggle arm I20 to downward position will also cause the lug I20 to engage the plunger H6 and close switch II4 to establish a circuit from line wire 69, conductor I0, closed switch 68, conductor I50, conductor I5 2, closed switch II4, conductor I54, conductor I55, contacts III and I I 2, auxiliary heater I 03, conductor I56, and conductor I53 to the line wire I5. This will again energize the auxiliary heater I03 to heat the bimetal timer I02 and cause it to move towards its uppermost hot position.

The free end of bimetal timer I02 will again engage the lug I26 of toggle arm H9 and move it upwardly until it snaps past its center posi: tion to permit the toggle spring I25 to, snap the toggle arms H9 and I20 to their upper overcenter position. This will cause the lug I28 of toggle arm I 20 to engage the end I43 of latch lever I3I to rotate it clockwise to release the projection I36 from the hook I31 whereby the carriers 20 and carriage plate I6 will he moved upwardly by the spring 29.

This will open both switches I I4 and H5 to deenergize the auxiliary heater I03 and the main heaters 2 I. However, the auxiliary heater I03 is immediately reenergized by movement of the projection I4I away from the spring 05 to permit the spring I05 to close the switch I04. The auxiliary heater I03 will then be intermittently energized as previously described to maintain the bimetal timer I02 in its hot position until the following toasting operation.

Should the operator desire dark toast the knob A22 is rotated counter-clockwise to bring the pointer H to the position D on the extension 4! of the base iii. This will cause the cam 39 to raise eccentric 35 and link 1 3 to pivot the bracket This will cause the end of the I 67 clockwise. spring arm [09 to be moved farther away from the free end of the bimetal timer i532 when it is in its hot position 50 that it will have to be heated to a higher temperature to open the contacts H I and IE2. This will raise the upper temperature limit of the bimetal timer I52 as represented by the wavy line 82 of Figure 10 and increase the cooling off period or the bimetal 592 as represented by the line 83 of Figure 10 and correspondingly increase the duration of the entire toasting interval. This will produce dark toast.

If medium or light toast is desired a pointerfll isturned clockwise to position M or L as desired to bring the end of the spring arm I98 closer to the'free end of the bimetal timer I 32 and decrease 'the'upper temperature limit oi bimetal timer 22. This will decrease the cooling period of the bimetaltimer W2 and correspondingly reduc the toasting interval to. produce medium or light toast as desired.

The compensating bimetal-lflfi also acts to'vary will decrease the. Cooling period of the bimetal' timer EMso as'to decrease the toasting interval as previously described. This decrease is just sufiicientito compensate for the tendency of the birnetaltimer I02 to under-compensate. amodifications of Figures 1 to 55, .inclusive, this As in the is shown by the solidlines Of Figure lo forthe various toasting cycles.

In'Fig. 10 the upper limit lines 82,'il2a, .821), and Home shown'as decreasing for a number of cycles until a condition of equilibrium .is reached.

As in the modification of Figures 1 to 5, inclusive, bread may be inserted and the carriers moved to toasting position before closing the switch 68. The durationof' the first toasting interval-will not .be materially different than when the switch 558 is previously closed to bring the bimetal timer lilZup to its hot position. Thus the first interval will be timed by the time it takes the bimetal timer to heat up, then to cool off and then. to'heat up again. The reduced cooling interval will thus compensate for the extra heating up interval. This is'shown 'by'the dotted lines 88, 88, and 81 of Figure 10.

'During the initial heating up interval theitog- -gle arm iZG moves upwardly, the lug 529 will merely pivot the'pawl L38 upwardly to move above the pawl but will have no-efiect upon the latch lever i351. Likewisethe lug I28 of'toggle lever I29 will have no effect on the latch lever l'3l because its end M3 is positioned downwardly so'as to be out of the path of the lug I28. The remainder of the operation will be the same as when switch 68 is initially set toheat up the bimetal :timer lElZtoits hot position before a toasting operationis begun.

.iFromjthe foregoing it can be seen that this invention provides a toaster having a thermal timerzin which it isnot necessary to wait atfl 2 any time either for'the thermal element'to heat up or to cool off.

This invention: also provides a. thermal :timer for a toaster with a limiting .switch.for maintaining the timer at its .up-peroperating:temper-' ature with means for automatically loweringzthe upper'temperature limit with rises in toaster temperature.

This invention also provides :a thermal :timer with an upper limit switch withmanualmeans for varying the upper limit in adjustingfor light, medium, and dark toast.

While we have shown but two embodiments of our invention it is to be'understood that these embodiments are to be taken as illutrative only and not in a limiting sense. We do not wish to' be restricted to the particular structure shown and described but wish to include all: equivalent variations thereof'exceptas limited by the scope of the claims.

We claim:

1. Atoaster comprisingbread carriers .tmovable from a bread receiving position zto a itoasting position, main heaters for performing "the toasting function, a thermal timer-fortimingtthe duration of the toasting interval, an auxiliary heater for said thermaltimenswitch means operative to energize said auxiliary heater whether said carriers are in their bread ."receiving 'or toasting position to heat said thermal timer, means for moving'said carriers to-toasting position, means forlatching said-carflers in toast- "ll'lg position, and control means responsiveito -movement of said carriers to toasting position to actuate said switch means to energize said main hcaters'an'd to deenergize said-auxiliary heater to'permit said timer to cool, said control .and to actuate -said switch'meansto maintain said auxiliary heater energized.

2. A toaster comprising, bread carriers movable from a receiving, to atoastingpositiom main "heaters; for performing theitoasting function, "a

thermal timer movable from a cold positionto a hot positionwhen heated and back to itsgcold positionzas it cools, an auxiliary heater forsaid thermal timer, switch means operative toenergize said auxiliary heater whether saidcarriers are Lil]. receiving or toasting position, control means :'for restraining said timer from lmovement..from.its cold-position to .its hotposition as longasjthe carriers are in receiving position, means for moving :said :carriers to toasting position and means for'latching said carriersrin toasting position, said controlmfians being responsive to'movement of said'carriersto toasting position' to removesai'd restrainting means to permit said timer'tol-move to its hot position, said control *means .being responsive to -movement ofcsaid carriers to toasting position-to actuate said switch means to energize said main heaters and to deenergize saidauxiliary heater to permit said timer to cool and move to its cold position, said control-means being-responsive to movement of said timerto its ,;cold position to actuate said switch means to reenergize said auxiliary heater to reheat saiditimerand cause itto return to its.hot positionxand-sa-id con- .trol means being responsiveto the return of said its restraining position and move said timer to its cold position.

3. A toaster comprising, bread carriers movable from a receiving, position to a toasting position, main heaters for performing the toasting function, a thermal timer movable from a cold position to a hot position when heated and back to its cold position as it cools, an auxiliary heater for said timer, switch means operative to energize said auxiliary heater when said carriers are in receiving position to cause said timer to move to its hot position, control means responsive to movement of said timer to its hot position to actuate said switch means to deenergize said auxiliary heater so that said timer will start to move towards it cold position, said control means being responsive to slight movement of said timer toward its cold position to actuate said switch means to reenergize said auxiliary heater so as to maintain said timer in its hot position as long as the carriers remain in receiving position, means for moving said carriers to toasting position and means for latching said car riers in toasting position, said control means being responsive to movement of said carriers to toasting position to actuate said switch means to energize said main heaters and to deenergize said auxiliary heater to permit said timer to cool and move to its cold position, said control means being responsive to movement of said timer to its cold position to actuate said switch means to reenergize said auxiliary heater to cause said timer to return to its hot position and said control means being actuated by the return of said timer to its hot position to release said latch means to permit said carriers to return to receiving position and to actuate said switch means to deenergize said main heaters.

4. A toaster comprising, bread carriers movable from a receiving position to a toasting position and being spring-biased to receiving position, main heaters for performing the toasting function, a thermal timer movable from a cold position to a hot position when heated and back to its cold position as it cools, an auxiliary heater for said timer, switch means operative to energize said auxiliary heater when said carriers are in receiving position, means for moving said carriers to toasting position, means for latching said carriers in toasting position, and control means responsive to movement of said carriers to toasting position to actuate said switch means to energize said main heaters and to deenergize said auxiliary heater to permit said timer to cool and move to its cold position, said control means being responsive to movement of said timer to its cold position to actuate said switch means to reenergize said auxiliary heater to reheat said timer and cause it to return to its hot position and said control means being responsive to the return of said timer to its hot position to release said latching means to permit said carriers to return to receiving position.

5. A toaster according to claim 1 including a thermally responsive element responsive to rises in toaster temperature to vary the action of said timer so as to shorten the toasting interval as the toaster temperature rises.

6. A toaster according to claim 4 including manually actuatable means to vary the action of said timer to lengthen or shorten the toasting interval.

'7. A toaster according to claim 4 including a thermally responsive element responsive to rises in toaster temperature for varying the hot po- Flu sition of said timer so as to shorten the toasting interval with rises in toaster temperature.

8. A toaster comprising, bread carriers movable from a receiving to a toasting position, main heaters for performing the toasting function, a thermal timer movable from a cold position to a hot position when heated and back to its cold position as it cools, an auxiliary heater for said timer, switch means operative to energize said auxiliary heater when said carriers are in receiving position to heat said timer and cause it to move to its hot position, said switch means being responsive to movement of said timer toward and away from its hot position to intermittently deenergize and energize said auxiliary heater to maintain said timer in its hot position as long as said carriers remain in receiving position, means for moving said carriers to toasting position, means for latching said carriers in toasting position, and control means responsive to movement of said carriers to toasting position and operative to energize said main heaters and to deenergize said auxiliary heater to permit said timer to cool and move to its cold position, said control means being responsive to movement of said timer to its cold position to actuate said switch means to reenergize said auxiliary heater to reheat said timer to cause it to return to its hot position and said control means being responsive to the return of said timer to its hot position to release said latching means.

9. A toaster according to claim 8 including means to Vary the position of said switch means so as to vary the hot position of said timer and thus vary the duration or the toasting interval.

10. A toaster in accordance with claim 8 including a thermally responsive element responsive to toaster temperature for varying the action of said switch means to vary the hot position of said timer so as to shorten the toasting interval with rises in toaster temperature.

11. A toaster according to claim 8 including manually actuatable means to vary the position of said switch means so as to vary the hot posi'tion of said timer and thus vary the duration of the toasting interval so as to adjust the toaster for making light, dark, or medium toast.

12. A toaster comprising; carriers movable from a receiving to a toasting position; a thermal timer for timing the duration of a toasting interval; said timer being constructed to pass through a heating up period, a cooling oil period and another heating up period in timing the duration of said toasting interval; said timer being movable from a cold position to a hot position when heated and back to its cold position upon cooling; means for moving said carriers to toasting position; control means responsive to movement of said carriers to toasting position for initiating a toasting interval; means for applying heat to said timer; said control means being responsive to movement of said carriers to toasting position to activate said heat applying means to cause said timer to pass through a first heating up period and move from its cold position to its hot position; said control means being responsive to movement of said timer to its hot position to deactivate said heat applying means to permit said timer to cool so as to pass through its cooling on period and return to its cold position; said control means being responsive to the return of said timer to its cold position to reactivate said heat applying means to cause said timer to pass through a second heating up period and return to its hot position and said control means being gre sponsive to..movement of said timer to its hot positions-for, terminating .said toasting. interval.

13. :A. toaster i according to claims12. including ;,so.as to maintain said timer in its hot condition,

-:means for moving said carrier to toasting position, andcontrol means responsive to movement of said carriers to toasting position to initiate. a toast ingrin-terval and to'deenergizesaid heater inde- Lpendently'of.said'switch tocause said timer to cojolz and the :movable part. thereof to move to its t coldpposition, said control-means being respon- :;'sive. to movement of said part to its-cold position itrforireenergizing:said heater to reheat said timer :iandrcause itsimovable part toreturn 'UO'itS-hOt exposition andsaid control means being responsive to therreturnofsaid part toits hotposition for 1' terminating. :said toasting interval. V 15. 2A toaster-according :tozclaim' 14 including means for bodily movingsaid on-off switch toiwardrand away from'the'rmovable part oflsaid :timer to-vary its hot position and thereb vary 7 the duration of ,-.said toasting interval.

16.1A toaster according to claim 14 including -=manually actuatable'means and means responsive toetoaster temperature: for .bodily moving said 'on-roff switch: relative to the movable part of said itimerito vary tits.:.hot"position1and thereby avarythezduration of :said toasting interval.

17. A..thermal 'timer comprising, azbimetallio ajelement rigidly supported at one end, the free end wor -said bimetallic element being movable "from a COIdFpOSitiOH'tO aihot'position upon being heated andxbackitozits cold :position upon cooling, a theater for said bimetallic element, a pair of overcenter togglemechanisms adapted to be operated zby:the. free. end. of' said bimetallic element and aiming movablei from. an upper overcenter position 'to la ,lowerovercenter-position and vice versa, :means' for-intermittently energizing and deenergizingrsaidfheater to; maintain said bimetallic aelementshotymeans for restraining movement of *the: free'iend of said bimetallic element towards -itsrhotrposition;said restraining means being opr erablet to hold both .of said toggle mechanisms -in rtheir upper overcenter. positions, means for ::completely deenergizing said heater and simulttaneously releasing said-restraining means to :permit the free end of said bimetallic element to immediately moveto its hot position so as to im- ;mediately move both of said toggle mechanisms :to their lower overcenter positions and permit said .bimetallic element to:cool so that its free end :will return to its cold position, a latch for holding said restraining means in non-restraining positionymeansactuated. by movement of the free endot-said bimetallic element to its cold posi- .,tion for returning one of said toggle mechanisms *tolits upper overcenter position while the other "remains in its-lower overcenterposition, means ractuated :by movement of the free end of said biimetallic-element to its coldposition for reenerggizing said heater to cause the free end of said chi-metallic element to move, towards its hot posi- 16 tion, a. latch release lever operable by the return of the free end of said .bimetallicelement to. its

,hot position forv releasing said latch and being constructed to. freely pass the free end of. said bimetallic element in its movement from its hot position to its cold position, .meansiactuatedby the release of said latchfor returning said restraining means to its restraining position so as to positively move the free end of said bimetallic element to its. cold position and both of said toggle mechanisms to their upper overcenter positions and means actuated by movement of said restraining means to its restraining position for deenergizing said heater and immediately reenergizing'it so as to maintain said bimetallic'element ,ina hot condition ready for. a succeeding timing action.

18. A thermal timer com-prising, a bimetallic element rigidly supported at one end and being free to deflect at its other end inopposite directions to a lower hotposition and an upper cold position, -a.hea-ter:for said bimetallic element, means for restraining movement of the. free end of said bimetallic'element towards its: hot position'whereby thecenter portionof said bimetallic element will boW-upwardlywhen said bimetallic element is heated, a normally closed :oneoff switch mounted between the Lfixed and free'ends of said bimetallic element:ina' positionto be opened bythe-centerportion of: said bimetallic element as it bows upwardly, said switch .being connected to energize said-heaterwhen closed and to :deenergize said heater when open whereby said bimetallic element is maintained in a hot condition, manua1::means for removing saidrereturn to its hotiposition and means responsive tothe returnof the freeend of said bimetallic element'tox'its hot position for returning :said

restraining means to its restraining positionso-as to maintain said bimetallic element in hot condition ready for a succeeding timing operation.

v19.:A timerwaccording to claim .18 including means for moving said switch bodily toward and away from the central portionoi said bimetallic element so as to vary the uppertemperature limit of, said bimetallic element.

20. A toaster comprising, carriers movable from receiving to toasting position, a-thermal timer having alhot position and a cold vpositionior timing theduration of a toasting interval, .a heater for said timer, control means operative to intermittently energize and .deenergize said heater to maintain said timer in a hot condition,

means for moving said carriers to toasting positionand means for latching said carriers in toasting position, said control means-being responsive to movement ofsaidcarrtlers to toasting position for completelydeenergizing saidheater to causesaid timer to cool and move to itscold position, said control means being responsive to movement of said timer to its cold position for reenergizing said'heater to. heat said timer and 7 cause it to return tov its hot position, said control means beingresponsive to :thereturn of said ceeding toastinginterval.

timer to its hot position to, release saidlatch means and said control means .being responsive to the release of said latch means for deenergizing said heaterand for immediately reenergizlng it so as to-conditionsaid timer for timing a suc- 21. A toaster comprising, carriers movable from a receiving to a toasting position, a thermal timer having a hot position and a cold position for timing the duration of a toasting interval, a heater for said timer, first and second electrical circuits each including said heater, means for moving said carriers to toasting position to initiate a toasting interval'and control means opera tive prior to the movement of said carriers to toasting position for closing said first circuit so to as maintain said timer hot, said control means being responsive to movement of said carriers to toasting position for opening said first circuit to permit said timer to cool and move to its cold position, said control means being responsive to movement of said timer to its cold position for closing said second circuit to heat said timer and cause it to return to its hot position, said control means being responsive to the return of said timer to its hot position for terminating said toasting interval and being responsive to the termination of said toasting interval for opening said second circuit and closing said first circuit so as to maintain said timer hot.

22. A toaster comprising, carriers movable from receiving to toasting position, a thermal timer having a hot position and a cold position for timing a toasting interval, a heater for said timer, control means for energizing said heater to cause said timer to move to its hot position, means for moving said carriers to toasting position to initiate a toasting operation, said control means being operative to deenergize said heater to permit said timer to cool and move to its cold position and a pair of sequentially operated latches for holding said carriers in toasting position, said control means including a snap acting toggle mechanism having an upper overcenter position and a lower overcenter position, said timer being positioned to move said toggle mechanism to its lower overcenter position in moving from its hot position to its cold position, said toggle mechanism being positioned to release one of said latches in moving to its lower overcenter position, means actuated by movement of said toggle mechanism to its lower overcenter position for reenergizing said heater to cause said timer to return to its hot position and return said toggle mechanism to its upper overcenter position and means responsive to the release of said first latch for moving said second latch into the path of return movement of said toggle mechanism whereby the return of said toggle mechanism to its upper overcenter position will release said second latch and terminate the toasting interval.

23. A timer comprising, a bimetallic element fixed at one end and free at its other end to flex in opposite directions upon being heated and upon cooling, means for intermittently heating said bimetallic element to maintain its free end in its hot position, a snap acting toggle mechanism having an upper overcenter position and a lower overcenter position, one arm of said toggle mechanism having a forked end straddling the free end of said bimetallic element, a pair of latches positioned to be operated by said toggle mechanism, manual means for terminating the 18 heating of said bimetallic element to cause its free end to move to its cold position and move said toggle mechanism to its lower overcenter position, a first one of said latches being positioned to be released by movement of said toggle mechanism to its lower overcenter position, means operated by movement of said toggle mechanism to its lower overcenter position for reheating-said timer to cause its free end to return to its hot position and return said toggle mechanism to its upper overcenter position, and means responsive to the release of said first latch for moving the second latch into the return path of movement of said toggle mechanism whereby said second latch is released upon the return of said toggle mechanism to its upper overcenter position.

24. A toaster comprising, carriers movable from a receiving to a toasting position, a thermal timer for timing the duration of a toasting interval, said timer being constructed to pass through a cooling off period and a heating up period in timing the duration of said toasting interval, said timer being movable from a cold position to a hot position upon being heated and back to its cold position upon cooling, means for moving said carriers to toasting position, first control means responsive to movement of said carriers to toasting position for initiating a toasting interval, means for applying heat to said timer, and second control means to activate said heat applying means to cause said timer to move to its hot position when said carriers are in either receiving or toasting position, said second control means being operative to deactivate said heat applying means to cause said timer to pass through a cooling off period and return to its cold position when said carriers are in toasting position, said second control means being responsive to movement of said timer to its cold position to reactivate said heat applying means to cause said timer to pass through a heating up period and return to its hot position, and said second control means being responsive to the return of said timer to its hot position for terminating said toasting interval.

25. A toaster comp-rising, carriers movable from receiving to toasting position, a thermal timer having a hot position and a cold position for timing a toasting interval, a heater for said timer, control means operative to energize said heater to cause said timer to move to its hot position, means for moving said carriers to toasting position to initiate a toasting operation, said con- 3 trol means being operative to deenergize said heater to permit said timer to cool and move to its cold position and a pair of sequentially operative latches for holding said carriers in toasting position, said control means being responsive to movement of said timer to cold position for releasing one of said latches and to reenergize said heater to cause said timer to return to its hot position, said control means being responsive to the return of said timer to its hot position to release the other of said latches to terminate the toasting interval, and said control means being responsive to movement of said timer to its hot position to deenergize said heater and to immediately reenergize it so as to maintain said timer in hot position between succeeding toasting intervals.

OTIS B. SUTTON.

CURTIS C. COONS.

(References on following page) 

